Mobilizing the economy for world war finally cured the depression. [1][2], During the 1920s and 1930s, dozens of books and articles appeared about the high cost of war, and some argued that financiers and arms manufacturers had maneuvered the United States into entering World War I. The territory that Japan marched into to establish a puppet govt in September 1931; this was the greatest threat to world peace and also in direct defiance of the Open Door Policy. Claimed they had caused America's entry into WWI. 1943: 400 rabbis marched in Washington to protest silence of the world against the extermination of European Jews. The link was not copied. Nye Committee hearings Discussed the reasons and outcomes of the US's involvement in WWI<> resulted in many of the neutrality acts of the 1930s Neutrality Acts The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 stipulated that when the president proclaimed the existence of a foreign war certain restrictions would automatically go into effect. An admiral who adopted the strategy of "island-hopping" to enable the Allied powers to get within fighting range of the Japanese islands. Bernard Mannes Baruch (August 19, 1870 - June 20, 1965) was an American financier and statesman.. After amassing a fortune on the New York Stock Exchange, he impressed President Woodrow Wilson by managing the nation's economic mobilization in World War I as chairman of the War Industries Board.He advised Wilson during the Paris Peace Conference.He made another fortune in the postwar bull . Instead of twenty, the WIB was made up of seven members, all civilians except for one representative each from the Army and Navy. ____ The Nye Committee's findings turned many Americans towards _____. Why were Americans worried about Hitlers attacks against Great Britain? if it is an adjective clause. [11] Burns and Rauschenbush, who met on the committee, married soon after and co-authored a book that recounts salient testimony gathered by the investigation, War Madness (Washington, D.C., National Home Library Association, 1937). A speech that proposed lending money to Britain for the purchase of US war materials and justified such a policy because it was a defense of "four freedoms." War Industries Board: History and Purpose. The Senate cut off committee funding after Chairman Nye blundered into an attack on the late Democratic President Woodrow Wilson. From 8 p.m. to 0.30 a.m. you can dance to music from the 1920s to the 1950s. verset coranique pour attirer les femmes. "[8] Norris proposed Nye as "the only one out of the 96 whom he deemed to have the competence, independence and stature for the task."[9]. Longley, Robert. APUSH 1940-1963 Vocabulary. Signaled the end of U.S. neutrality in the war. Government In America, Chapter 12 APUSH Chapter 11 (P1) - American Pageant Central Nervous System: Crash Course A\u0026P #11 The Senate and the House of Representatives Explained (Congress - AP Government Review)Capitalism and Socialism: Crash Course World History #33 Political Parties: Crash Course Government and Politics #40The American Rising Japanese militarism and an international arms . It was intended to help the U.S. prepare for World War I by increasing industrial production and coordinating the purchase of war materials by the Army and the Navy. APUSH The American Pageant Chapter 33 vocab, APUSH The American Pageant Chapter 29 Vocab, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Central Dogma: Replication in Prokaryotes. What was the Nye Committee Apush? Roosevelt's replacement for too-radical VP Henry Wallace; A Missouri senator with a natl reputation for having conducted a much-publicized investigation of war spending. Ratified on October 24, 1945. In 1934, the Nye Committee, chaired by Senator Gerald Nye (R-North Dakota) held hearings to investigate the profits of the industrial, commercial, and banking firms that had supplied war materials under the supervision of the WIB. The WIB became one of several federal agencies dedicated to Americas preparations for The war to end all wars.. That WWI was fought for financial reasons and the U.S. should stay out of future foreign wars. View FDR from APUSH 101 at Walker High School. (pronoun), V (verb), adj. By March 1918, these and other mobilization problems forced President Wilson to strengthen the WIB, first be appointing influential industrialist and financier Bernard M. Baruch as its chairman. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. Main Menu; by School; by Literature Title; by Subject; by Study Guides; Textbook Solutions Expert Tutors . Was the U.S. neutral before Pearl Harbor? The agreement here would prove to have long-term significance. Why did FDR create the officer of price administration (OPA)? Content Review Apush 7-8.pptx. Begun as an interracial group advocating nonviolence, it adopted greater militancy late in the decade, reflecting nationwide trends in Black activism. It was discovered following the war as US troops advanced on Germany during which they came upon concentration camps and witnessed the horrifying extent of the Nazi's program of Genocide against Jews and others. The greed of American monitions markers, bankers and financeers was responsible for the nations entry into WW1. fireline multi mission; replacing a concealed shower valve in The Neutrality Acts were laws that were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II. Having not been involved in a major multi-national conflict since the Spanish American War of 1898, the United States needed to quickly organize its manufacturing industries to support its military effort. The Great Mistake - Why Did the South Secede in 1860? When the U.S entered World War I, laborthe controlling factor of productionwas overseen by another government agency. Stephen Rauschenbusch, son of Christian Social Gospel activist Walter Rauschenbusch, was appointed lead counsel for the Committee; his assisting counsel included Robert Wolforth, Josephine Burns and Alger Hiss. Nye Committee investigation ( merchants of death) America First Committee Good Neighbor policy (Montevideo Conference) Reciprocal trade agreements Increasing aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in Europe, Africa, and Asia Congress wanted to maintain neutrality (Neutrality Acts 1935, 1936, 1937) To the dismay of many members of Congress, the industrial war mobilization conducted under the direction of the WIB, while marginally helpful to the war effort, helped certain war producers and holders of raw materials and patents build massive fortunes. In the same period, it lent to Britain and its allies $2.3 billion. ____The cash-and-carry philosophy claimed what? Nye Committee. About 250,000 Japanese died, either immediately, or as a result of prolonged suffering caused by radiation poisoning as a result of the two bombs. APUSH The American Pageant Chapter 33 vocab. Check the Fiveable calendar for this week's APUSH live . (p. 171). Roosevelt's reaction to recognizing Fascist aggression while being limited by US isolationist feelings; this speech suggested that the democracies act together to "quarantine" the aggressor. That Hideki Tojo was a threat to Americas national security and should be stopped. A document drawn up by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and FDR; it affirmed what their peace objectives would be when the war ended. Period: 1800 to 2018. She\mathit{She}She planned to vacation in Hawaii but\mathit{but}but had to settle for\mathit{for}for Hagerstown. What were the findings of the Nye Committee quizlet? What event brought the United States into WWII? Nye Committee Chiang Kai-shek Appeasement Blitzkrieg Axis America First Committee Atlantic Charter War Production Board Office of Price Administration War Labor Board Genocide D-Day Stalingrad Winston Churchill Battle of the Bulge Manhattan Project J. Robert Oppenheimer Stalin Superpowers Satellites Nuremberg Trials . Preliminary report on wartime taxation and price control", "Historical minute essay: Merchants of Death", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nye_Committee&oldid=1120393722, Bidding on Government contracts in the shipbuilding industry. an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. The physicist who directed the Manhattan project for the development of the atomic bomb. Sep 1, 1939, Start of WWII Apr 12, 1934, The Nye Committee ruling 1935, The Neutrality Acts Sep 2, 1940, Destroyers For Bases Mar 11, 1941, Lend-Lease Act Dec 7, 1941, Pearl Harbor Sep 8, 1938, Hemispheric Defense Zone 1941, The Atlantic Charter You might like: 50 Most Important Dates In US History 50 Important Dates in US History It was a significant factor in public and political support for American neutrality in the early stages of World War II. -Close cooperation between Italy and Germany (soon Japan joined) resulted from Hitler overcoming Mussolinis lingering doubts about the Nazis. he NYE committee findings caused Americans to support isolationism, The Nye Committees findings that the main reason the U.S. joined WWI was to serve the greed of bankers and arms manufactures caused Americans to support isolationism. Warfare and Defence, View all related items in Oxford Reference , Search for: 'Nye Committee' in Oxford Reference . Hitler insisted that Germany had a right to take over this strip of land which was mostly German Speaking. Nye Committee Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 FDR's "Quarantine" speech appeasement Munich Agreement September 1, 1939 Orson Welles . document, 66 nations to address world- wide economic problems . ThoughtCo, Jun. They wanted to protect America before we went to war in another country. In the document, a nurse describes treating soldiers in World War I. World War II in Europe had begun; The use of air power and fast moving tanks in warfare aka "lightning war". The Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies (CDAAA) was an American political action group formed in May 1940. ), a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations; aka America in WWII, FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region, designed to lift US export trade from the depression, relief/recovery, reversed the traditional high protective tariff policy, the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933. investigated arms manufacturers and bankers of World War I. Merchants of death was an epithet used in the U.S. in the 1930s to attack industries and banks that had supplied and funded World War I (then called the Great War). Longley, Robert. [6] Historian Charles Callan Tansill's America Goes To War (1938) exploited the Nye Committee's voluminous report of testimony and evidence to develop and confirm the heavy influence exercised by Wall Street finance (notably J.P. Morgan) and the armaments industry (notably Du Pont) in the process that led to American intervention. The Republican nominee for president in the 1940 election, he was a surprise nominee as he had never before run for public office; He criticized the New deal but largely agreed with Roosevelt on preparedness and giving aid to Britain short of actually entering the war. With rising retail prices, corporate profits soared, especially in the chemical, meatpacking, oil, and steel industries. -quoted in Eye-Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World War I. A. Explain. The peace movement led to appeasement and disarmament. An international economic conference called by the League of Nations; proposals were made to stabilize currencies, but Roosevelt feared this would interfere with his plans to revive the US, so he pulled out and the conference ended without reaching an agreement. The committee investigated the financial and banking interests which underlay United States' involvement in World War I, and was a significant factor in public and political support for American neutrality in the early stages of World War II. But even it was crippled by its 'half-measure' provisions. Nye urges America to not participate in the trading of . On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson went before a joint session of Congress to request a declaration of war against Germany. What was the conclusion of the Nye Committee? The inventor of dynamite and explosives was criticised for finding ways to kill people faster than ever. The Phoney War was a phase early in World War IIin the months following Britain and France's declaration of war on Germany (shortly after the German invasion of Poland) in September 1939 and preceding the Battle of France in May 1940that was marked by a lack of major military operations by the Western Allies against the German Reich. Soon after the United States entered World War I in spring 1917, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed, it is not the army we must train and shape for war, it is the nation. Wilson and his advisers knew that both material and human resources would have to be coordinated to support the nations war effort. Merchants of death was an epithet used in the U.S. in the 1930s to attack industries and banks that had supplied and funded World War I (then called the Great War). This excellent BBC documentary looks at the politics behind the war, in particular how the rulers of Britain, Russia, and the United StatesChurchill, Roosevelt, and Stalininteracted with each other. The background leading up to U.S. entry into World War I. Nye Committee hearings (Munitions industry, naval shipbuilding: Preliminary report of the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry): This page was last edited on 6 November 2022, at 19:39. The Fourteen Points, the League of Nations, and Wilson's Failed Idealism, The National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association, Grover Cleveland, Mugwumps, and the 1884 Election, The "Cleveland Massacre" -- Standard Oil makes its First Attack, The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and its Effects. The Nye Committee investigated arms manufacturers and bankers of World War I. It was a significant factor in heightening public and political support for neutrality in the early stages of World War II. The first hearings were in September 1934 and the final hearings in February 1936. Since collective bargaining as a solution to labor disputes would not come until the 1930s, leaving the government powerless to negotiate wages, the WIB routinely avoided strikes by approving wage increases rather than risk a shortage of supplies needed to fight the war in Europe. Equal mutual rights and benefits granted and enjoyed. The United States remained neutral during the first two years of World War II, from September 1939, when Nazi Germany invaded Poland, to December 1941, when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. Created largely by executive orders rather than congressionally approved legislation and law, the WIB lacked the political and legal power to fully centralize industrial mobilization. Conference set about the help curb international economic woes by maintaining currency values at a fixed rate, abandoned by Roosevelt who wanted to inflate the dollar, Roosevelt ended the use of the Monroe doctrine and instead lowered his influence in the Western hemisphere (removed troops from Haiti, allowed Mexico to seize oil properties), Lowered tariffs when another country also did the same to encourage international trade, Far-right racist nationalist movement led by Adolf Hitler. The primary duties of the WIB included: studying the industrial requirements and manufacturing capabilities of the United States and its allies; approving orders placed by war-related government agencies; establishing priorities in the production and delivery of basic war materials; negotiating price-fixing agreements for raw materials; encouraging the United States and its allies to conserve and develop war-related resources, and overseeing the purchasing of war materials by allies in the United States. Paige Sprague Pt.2 of FDRs presidency chart Japan and Germany withdraw from League of Nations- rebuild navy, and form armies. The War Industries Board (WIB) was a United States government agency that operated from July 1917 to December 1918, during World War I to coordinate the purchase of war materials by the Department of the Army the Navy Department. It was at the forefront of the effort to support a "pro-British policy" against Axis aggression, advocating for American military materiel support of Britain as the best way to keep the United States out of the conflict then raging in Europe. Established in 1940, the alliance treaty formed between Japan, Italy, and Germany. A. patriotic pride, B. a lack of awareness, C. greed and arrogance, D. disrespect for the war's victims. Killing the back-country Indians of South America with airplanes, bombs, and machine guns, boiled down to an order to get busy because "these opera bouffe revolutions are usually short-lived, and we must make the most of the opportunity. A resort town on the Black Sea coast of the Soviet Union where the Big Three conferred in February 1945. pact between Russia and Soviet, pledged neutrality by either party if the other were attacked by a third party. Woodrow Wilson A federal agency that regulated almost every aspect of civilians' lives by freezing prices, wages, and rents and rationing such commodities as meat, sugar, gasoline, and auto tires. Germany's desperate counterattack launched in Belgium in December 1944. Click to Rate "Hated It" Click to Rate "Didn't Like It" . On July 28, 1917, Wilson set up the WIB within the CND. Troy's outstanding skills at soccer are selftaught. APUSH . On January 1, 1919, President Wilson decommissioned the WIB by executive order. Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images. Is that still true? The Power of the Isolationists Before World War II. The committee investigated the financial and banking interests that underlay the United States' involvement in World War I and the operations and profits of the industrial and commercial firms supplying munitions to the Allies and to the United States. The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a United States Senate committee chaired by U.S. Write the part of speech above each italicized word: N (noun), pro. In 1936, Hitler openly defied the Treaty of Versailles by marching German soldiers into this territory in Western Germany. The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a committee of the United States Senate which studied the causes of United States' involvement in World War I. . Chinatown's Sex Slaves - Human Trafficking and San Francisco's History. Established by FDR in his first inaugural address, concentrating on other nations of the Western Hemisphere. scorpio rising female characteristics. 23, 2021, thoughtco.com/war-industries-board-history-and-purpose-5181082. When Roosevelt took office in 1933 his goal was to end the great depression. My thesis aimed to study dynamic agrivoltaic systems, in my case in arboriculture. The idea that people should glorify their nation and their race through an aggressive show of force; advocated in Italy by Benito Mussolini. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/war-industries-board-history-and-purpose-5181082. America First Committee, influential political pressure group in the United States (1940-41) that opposed aid to the Allies in World War II because it feared direct American military involvement in the conflict. 1934 investigated arms manufacturers and bankers of World War I. In the "Declaration by United Nations" of 1 January 1942, the Allies of World War II pledged adherence to the charter's principles. Ronald Reagan made strides in economics by . On December 7, 1941, Japanese bombers flew over the US naval base in Pearl Harbour, Hawaii, bombing every ship in sight while many soldiers were still asleep in their bunks. B. (18561924) American Democratic statesman, 28th President of the US 191321. Based on your research, write an essay analyzing the importance of the French assistance to the American colonists. Many Americans felt betrayed and questioned that the war had been an epic battle between the forces of good (democracy) and evil (autocracy), as it had been depicted in pro-war propaganda. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Define the word you choose. Hearings in 1934 by the Nye Committee led by U.S. Roosevelt's delegate to the London Economic Conference before bailing; leader of the Nationalist military rebellion in the Spanish Civil War, Isolationist (ironic aviator who first flew across the Atlantic), 1940 Republican candidate for the presidency of the United States, idea of trade pacts including mutually beneficial changes to tariffs, etc. Chapter 40 Outline.doc. ", https://web.archive.org/web/20220522154755/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/nye.htm, "Munitions industry. Add hyphens, brackets, and dashes where needed in the following sentences. I am currently continuing at SunAgri as an R&D engineer. Begun on September 1, 1939, German tanks and planes began a full-scale invasion of Poland; Britain and France kept their pledge and declared war against Germany, and soon with Axis Allies Italy and Japan. However, so strong and widespread was the spirit of isolationism that the Senate, in an effort to remain aloof from global problems, passed a series of Neutrality Acts (193539). Lecture outline --> "Two (2021, June 23). The leaders of the US, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain who arranged to confer secretly to coordinate their military strategies and to lay the foundation for peace terms. Three days later, the other Axis powers declared war on the United States. It also conducted psychological testing to help people find the right jobs. What was the Good Neighbor Policy? 6. In 1935, Mussolini ordered Italian troops to invade this country to prove fascism's military might; League of Nations and US objected but did nothing to stop the Italian aggressor. In her memoir, Appointment On The Hill (p. 169), Dorothy Detzer, an intimate eye-witness to the Committee's processes, summarizes: "The long exhaustive investigation produced a sordid report of intrigues and bribery; of collusion and excessive profits; of war scares artificially fostered and [disarmament] conferences deliberately wrecked." Senator Gerald Nye. It was drafted by Britain and the United States, and later agreed to by all the Allies. The hearings covered four topics: The committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war. The Nye Committee Investigations In 1934, the Nye Committee, chaired by Senator Gerald Nye (R-North Dakota) held hearings to investigate the profits of the industrial, commercial, and banking firms that had supplied war materials under the supervision of the WIB. Many Americans felt betrayed and questioned that the war had been an epic battle between the forces of good (democracy) and evil (autocracy). America First Committee public opinion divided anti-war group - incl Lindbergh, Hoover 7. D. Some leaders felt that allowing Southern states back into the Union would delay westward expansion. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground. The peacekeeping organization that was conceived during WWII and put in place immediately after the war. Nye Committee 1934. formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts. Reconstruction Period: 1860 to 1890. A. Expansionism B. Internationalism C. Isolationism D. Supporting the British 20. Ultimately in 1939, Franco's Fascists prevailed and established a military dictatorship. What was the result of the Nye Committees findings quizlet? That WWI had improved Americas stature in the world and the nation should be a leader in future conflicts. The Army and Navy, for example, continued to establish their individual priorities for buying supplies and equipment. a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism. _____I found a dollar as I was walking to Joels house. The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a United States Senate committee chaired by U.S. . 6 min read december 21, 2021. A general who commanded army units in the southern Pacific. What was the conclusion of the Nye committees 1933 report on World War I? APUSH 101. The inventor of dynamite and explosives was criticised for finding ways to kill people faster than ever. A Senate subcommittee chaired by Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota soon began an investigation into the book's charges, and although the Nye Committee found no direct evidence of a conspiracy to embroil the United States in the conflict, it did reveal that U.S. firms had made massive amounts of money from the country's involvement. Wayne S. Cole, Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Relations (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, 1962 p. 72. What is the ICD-10-CM code for skin rash. On assembly lines, each worker or teams of workers performs specific tasks contributing to the assembly of the finished product. [6] The committee's findings did not achieve the aim of nationalization of the arms industry, but gave momentum to the non-interventionist movement, sparked the passage of the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939,[16][17] and encouraged Charles Lindbergh and other anti-Semites, who believed that the lenders were mostly Jewish. It guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and bargain directly with management. Basically, they made it so citizens/US could not get involved; 4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of international incidents. His strongest criticism of Roosevelt was regarding his decision to break the two term tradition established by George Washington. (conjunction). They were spurred by the growth in isolationism and non-interventionism in the US following its costly involvement in World War I, and sought to ensure that the US would not become entangled again in foreign conflicts. nfhs volleyball jewelry rules; zimbabwe consulate appointment booking; sageata albastra tren viteza; apple specialist uk salary International economic conference on stabilizing currency to solve Great Depression, nation to which the US promised independence in the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, FDR's repudiation of TR's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, stating good neighbor policy towards L. American countries, prohibited sale of arms to belligerents in a war; banned loans to belligerents; citizens cannot travel to countries at war or travel on armed ships; passed to prevent American involvement in future overseas wars, conflict between the revel Fascist forces of Gen. Franco and the Loyalist gov't; severely tested US neutrality; Mussolini and Hitler helped in order to use SP as testing ground for bombs, Roosevelt's speech 1937 that proposed strong US measures against overseas aggressors (Japan), European diplomatic conf where GB and FR appease Hitler's demands for Sudentenland in Czechoslovakia, piece of land south Czechoslovakia; betrayed by GB and FR to appease Hitler in 1938 Munich Conference, term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands, Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, group advocating US support for GB in the fight against Hitler, headed by Charles Lindbergh; isolationist group advocating that US focus on continental defense and non-involvement with WWII, law that made the US the "arsenal for democracy" by providing supposedly temorary military material assistance to GB, communist nation invaded by Hitler in June 1941 that was also aided by American lend-lease, US.-GB agreement of Aug 1941 to promote democracy and intentions for improvement post WWII; created by Winston Churchill and FDR in a secret conference, self-determination, disarmament, freedom of seas, peace of security, League of Nations, 5 specific points of the Atlantic Charter, US destroyer sunk by German U-boats off the coast of iceland in Oct 1941, major American naval base devastated in a surpise attack in Dec 1941, FDR's Sec'ry of State who promoted Reciprocal Trade Agreement, low tariffs, and Good Neighbor policy, Fascist leader of Germany; started WWII under the "big lie"- belief that GER was stabbed in the back by Jews in WWI, Fascist dictator of Italy; sought to recreate a Roman empire; allied with Hitler in Roman-Berlin Axis; invaded Ethiopia; "Benevolent Dictator", instigator of 1934 Senate hearings that castigated WWI munitions manufacturers as "merchants of death", Fascist rebel leader against Spanish Loyalist gov't; helped by Hitler and Mussolini to become dictator of Spain, African nation invaded by Mussolini in 1935, Democratic nation betrayed at Munich Conference, invaded Sept 1939 by Hitler; set off WWII, seized by Hitler in 1940; pushed the US closer to direct aid to GB, leader of America First Committee; chief spokesman for US isolationism, dark horse Rep Presidential nominee in 1940; lost against FDR; attacked FDR for the third term attempt, courageous prime minister who led GB's lonely resistance to Hitler; involved with the secret Atlantic Conference, Russian dictator who first helped HItler destroy Poland before becoming victim of Nazi aggression in 1941; transformed RUS into a military power in 15 years, nation near whose waters US destroyers, namely USS Kearny, came under Nazi submarine attack, put Philippines on the road to independence, designed by Cordell Hull to increase American exports; reversed Hawley-Smoot Tariff by decreasing the tariff, nation that acted against the Washington Naval Treaty in 1934 and walked out of London Conference, forbade any country that still owed US money from borrowing any more cash, formed 1936 by a group of Princton U students; anti-war group that mocked the early payment of bonuses to WWI veterans, formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts, American gunboat bombed and sunk by Japanese in 1937; Japan apologized and sent $ to victims' families; unwilling to go to war, US forgave easily, strip of land demilitarized according to Versailles Treaty; invaded by Hitler, aka Neutrality Act of 1939; Euro nations (Allies) can buy war materials from US only if they provide transportation and pay in cash, meeting where US warned Germany that it could not take over orphan colonies in the Americas, first peacetime draft; trained 1.2 million troops, two leading Republican presidential candidate aspirants, unarmed US merchant ship torpedoed and destroyed by a German U-boat outside war zone; May 1941, Hitler-Stalin Nonaggression Pact; 10-year peace treaty; Russia can keep 1/3 of Poland when Hitler attacks it, term dubbed to the early phase of WWII; period of silence and inactivity in Europe after Hitler moved his forces from Poland and eventually attacked Norway and Denmark, established and reinforced by FDR to create good relations with L. America; nullied Roosevelt Corollary, independent farmers; Stalin ordered Collective Farming (crops go to Russian gov't), Nazi party failed attempt to seize Munich govt 1923; Hitler emerges as a national hero when jailed, "lightning war"; German military warfare tactic, Norway, Denark, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland, five "weaker" countries Hitler attacked before France (after phoney war), France's wall of defense that only faced Germany and stopped at the Ardennes, thick forest on the border of France and Germany, used by FDR in one of his fireside chats to persuade Americans to support Lend Lease Policy, July 1940-Dec 1941; air war between GER and GB, initially invented by GB to detect aircraft in the air; eventually used by all belligerent countries in WWII, Russian tactic; used against GER after GER attack June 1941; allowed Ger to conquer land to separate them from supply line and fall in trap of the brutal winter, Japanese admiral who planned Pearl Harbor Attack; Japan stealthily came in from the North, Pearl harbor attack; holiday time, Sunday morning.