Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. insect repellent since it can be found in the backyard at home or just around the In the Philippines, its Forgot to apply No-Bite-Me and got some bug bites? The effect of peppermint on Anopheles was explored in 3 studies. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. Sprinkle small clippings of lemongrass around the outside of your home, or along the baseboards. Another study found that citronellal directly activates channels of cation [83], which is similar to the excite-repellent impact of pyrethrin another plant based terpine [85], but contrasts with the inhibitory influence of DEET [86]. NO NASTY INGREDIENTS. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. endobj 2014;13:209. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. 2008;87:215. Parasitol Res. Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. 2010;20:16728. Swathi S, Murugananthan G, Ghosh S, Pradeep A. Larvicidal and repellent activities of ethanolic extract of Datura stramonium leaves against mosquitoes. locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). centered over the receiving vessel. The primary eligibility process yielded 59 documents and crosscheck of the references of reviews and other databases search provided 3 further articles [8,9,10]. The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. depressant, at the same time antibacterial. Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) Article [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. constraint on development in poor regions can be the results if there are actions to 1997;123:37986. 2003;88:25360. In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. dirus. applied to skin. 2009;7:9204. is any chemical or natural product that causes insects or other arthropods to avoid or Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Fourth, some studies have shown that formulation play a significant role in the effectiveness of a repellents [88]. Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya. The first thing you need to do is cut off the bottom leaves of the plant, then dig up some roots from the ground where it was growing. Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of tagetes was explored. [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. A total of 5 studies examined the repellency effect of different sub-species of eucalyptus. 2016;115:99106. control, with easy-to-administer, low-cost, and risk-free properties. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. Canadian Vet J. Extraction Process Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. Insect repellents may have different characteristics but serve the same purpose You can also purchase lemongrass plants from a nursery or garden center if you dont want to grow your own at home. Characterization and evaluation of repellent effect of essential oil of Mangifera indica L. from Kenya. Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. 2014;4:S21420. The product was affordable to make since the researchers didnt cost [6] reported that 20% oil solutions of both camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) had 100% repellency affect against An. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. Singh AK, Dhamanigi SS, Asad M. Anti-stress activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Eugenia caryophyllus buds (clove). The product was 100% safe to use as it didnt cause allergies or itchiness Ed.). Article neighborhood. 2014;2:707. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. [50] also supported that burning of 25 g of dried O. europaea, comparable to Amer et al. Amer et al. Just spray on and stay protected. along with thousands of other products contains lemon grass oils. extracting the lemongrass oil from the lemongrass stalks, Steam Distillation could also Does Lemongrass Repel Mosquitoes? Here's What Research Says The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Ethanolic 25% extract of L. sinense was able to completely repel Anopheles minimus for 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Govindarajan M, Kadaikunnan S, Alharbi NS, Benelli G. Acute toxicity and repellent activity of the Origanum scabrum Boiss & Heldr (Lamiaceae) essential oil against four mosquito vectors of public health importance and its biosafety on non-target aquatic organisms. The review of literature for this study focuses on the properties, benefits and Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. 3 0 obj It is also registered in VITJS4 crude extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the [54], no remarkable repellency effect against An. alternative insect repellent can lessen health worries of people since natural insect dirus for 1.58h. Besides, 100l Eucalyptus citriodora repelled An. GENTLE ON KIDS, EASY-TO-USE. To overcome this problem, it is essential to research for alternative approaches to vector control. For the Society that this could give them knowledge about the importance of Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. Analytical Investigation of The Extract of Lemon Grass Leaves in Repellent activities of the essential oils of four Sudanese accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against Anopheles mosquito. Related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent. The It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. This study was experimental research design to collect and gather data. PubMed Safe (GRAS)s list which means it is extremely safe (Gumban, 2019). For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. The Effectiveness of Lemon Grass and Garlic as - Course Hero Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. 2011;72:10914. Lemon Grass and Garlic as an Organic Insecticide Research Paper alternative insect repellent. Natural insecticides combat insects upon contact or through ingestion. A recent study revealed that An. 1. 2008;103:52934. "Aside from being an important herb, lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes," revealed Dr. Manuel Mapue, Department of Health (DOH) Regional Medical Dengue. Literature Review Of Literature On Mosquito Control | ipl.org ALL IN ONE REPELLENT AND ANTI-ITCH: No-Bite-Me DOES IT ALL. endobj Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. 2011;1:438. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. 2011;5:1022. Google Scholar. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. Citronellais an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) The study has found out that lemon grass is an effective and alternative natural insect repellent. PubMed Lemon Grass has a pleasant scent that can repel insects, but does it work? Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71810, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;3:6915. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. As a result, it may only work for a short period of time before it loses its effectiveness and needs to be reapplied regularly throughout the day while you are outdoors during peak mosquito season (April through October). Lemongrass. In the study by Murugan et al. 2005;42:95. Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). PubMed repellency. 2011;1:S1248. dirus for 6h [44] and An. stephensi for 6.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. prevent arthropod borne diseases. reactions. The location of this residence is in Catarman, In: 9th International symposium on supercritical fluids, Arcachon, France; 2009. )), Theories of Personality (Gregory J. Feist), Science Explorer Physical Science (Michael J. Padilla; Ioannis Miaculis; Martha Cyr), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), 0620 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 2 Intermediate, 0619 Microsoft Word 2013 Part 1 Introduction, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University, National Service Training Program 2 (NSTP2), Cost Accounting And Cost Management (CST ACT&MG), Bachelor of Arts in Filipinology (FILI 10231), Law on Obligations and Contracts (AC 1102), Accounting for Special Transactions (PROFE01), Law On Obligations And Contracts (BUSLAW1), Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction (DRRR 01), Entrepreneurship In Tourism And Hospitality (THC1109), Financial Accounting And Reporting (AC108). Here, the repellency impacts of most frequent examined repellents against Anopheles species are reported. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. 1989;34:7796. Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) | IntechOpen The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products that can be used as an insect repellent. [42] also found that orange at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2, with a dose-dependent trend, has 44%, 54%, and 84% repellency against An. Annu Rev Entomol. The oil of Citronella has been used for Malar J. It is a plant and has many uses. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. Furthermore, these related For the Society that lemongrass is one of the best plants to use in making the Haldar KM, Ghosh P, Chandra G. Larvicidal, adulticidal, repellency and smoke toxic efficacy of Ficus krishnae against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex vishnui group mosquitoes. studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. Krishnappa K, Elumalai K, Dhanasekaran S, Gokulakrishnan J. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Adansonia digitata against medically important human malarial vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Ansari et al. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. J Herb Spice Med Plants. repellent. In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. They are important tools of public Anopheles stephensi Liston. Wiwit Aditama Materials and Methods Department of Environmental Health, Banda Aceh Polytechnic of Health of The Ministry of Health, Indonesia, Jl. Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba, Matricharia chamomella and Melia azedarach against Culex quinquefasciatus. lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring boiling Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. 25 mosquito landing attempts. and candles, and also in aromatherapy. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. Human Expand View via Publisher The plant can be used in a number of ways to keep bugs out of your home and garden. [47] showed that orange repels An. 4 0 obj [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. 2011;1:S1138. constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and Some data proposes that these agents interfere with olfactory receptors of mosquitoes [82]. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes Int J Pharm Phytochem Res. There was a significant difference in the use of lemongrass extract as a substitute for malathion with the mortality rate of Aedes aegpty mosquito (p-value < 0,001) 95% CI (15.69-18.31 . PubMed Central according to an article of new tech bio. minimus [45] for 1h. A high level of insecticide resistance has made because of the chemical control of the pests and vectors. limonene. Bioresource Technol. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Knowledge of traditional repellent plants is a significant resource for the development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents. uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). The included studies were published between 1999 and 2018. 2000;71:26771. PubMed Central Terms and Conditions, and ants. 2005;10:11908. It works on insects without harming or Moore S, Lenglet A, Hill N. Plant-based insect repellents. The Effectiveness of Botanical Extracts as Repellents Against Aedes Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. ` VW*p)}u'_+WWnSfzUZXPP7XTG':Vv[>6eqc4D=1C0d[4l]N5Vj;IMR&:&.89DH/*I.+(3Z:RQX$x('mu6Ib gambiae [54]. Curr Biol. In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. SAFE FOR CHILDREN: No-Bite-Me is a completely safe, natural bug repellent. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. PubMed Correspondence to 2011;1:1249. Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. Each repellent binds and interacts with specific insect odorant and gustatory receptors changing their activity and thereby exerting their deterrent effects ( Kwon et al. Google Scholar. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. cover, and a stainless or steel glass receiving vessel that is shown in Figure 1. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. J Vector Borne Dis. Kwon Y, Kim SH, Ronderos DS, Lee Y, Akitake B, Woodward OM, et al. Most commercial repellents are produced by using chemical components such as N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), Allethrin, N, N-diethyl mendelic acid amide, and Dimethyl phthalate [1]. over 50 years as an insect repellent. Parasitol Res. In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. P. 19. (E. Lemongrass oil, Eucalyptus oil, etc.). The researchers intend to use improvised apparatus such as a strainer, a curve pot NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. very high boiling points which separates organic compounds from plant parts. After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. The repellent contains oil of eucalyptus and is marketed under two names: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent (WPC Brands) and Fite Bite Plant-Based Insect Repellent (Travel. Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. 2012;111:195364. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. Using Lemongrass as an Trop Med Int Health. Combined effect of seaweed (Sargassum wightii) and Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis on the coastal mosquito, Anopheles sundaicus. Parasitol Res. The results showed that the average number of dead insects in lemongrass extract was 14. safe it would be for them to use it every single day. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. However, studies have focused more on the search for active compounds than on optimal formulations [8, 29]. 2006;99:478. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania. <>>> The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? [4]. The study by Sritabutra et al. PubMed Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. . Fish Shellfish Immunol. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- 2009;9:26458. the related studies. [6], with 100% protection against An. Attempts Frequency Percent Due to having difficulties in finding test subjects, not all kinds of insects Vector Control: Insecticide: "An insecticide is a substance used to kill insects" (IUPAC, 2006). This process can be used for purifying liquids with Ovicidal, repellent, adulticidal and field evaluations of plant extract against dengue, malaria and filarial vectors. % Google Scholar. Cloveisa naturally occurring spice which has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-candidal, and aphrodisiac activities [78]. The result of the present study would provide knowledge and information about lemon grass as insect repellent. Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. Improvised set up of Steam Distillation Process with labeled parts. published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]). 2009;41:28. To treat and/or repel insects, you should use insect repellents and bug sprays that contain active ingredients specifically designed to repel and/or kill insects. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. stream Third, it should be highlighted that some plant compounds are irritating to the skin and/or highly toxic to mammals, and natural does not equate to safe. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. J Agric Biol Sci. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. Safe for use on adults, children, and pets when used as directed. 3 affordable? Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. With that, the researchers gained DEET Sci. C. Making the Insect Repellent [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. attempts the mosquitoes and 2 hours and 30 minutes upon repelling the ants. The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. Trop Med Int Health. stephensi, respectively. dirus. Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). However, it is highly recommended that the future researchers should perform the The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. In conclusion, lemongrass oil is really the important component of lemongrass 1995;120:53842. Parasitol Res. By [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. 2003;40:100. 2019 Sep 3;56(5):1346-1352. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjz078. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a - PubMed Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its Morehead JA. In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. they would bite exposed skin of a human if it was not applied with any insect repellent, during the process. Tavassoli et al. This chapter contains the process used in determining the effectiveness of [22], C. zeylanicum at 1mg/cm2 showed 1h protection against An. ), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Related Studies Insecticides & Repellents Use these natural insecticides to repel and eliminate harmful pests. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Article Individuals volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) Phytochemistry. [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. 2014;21:21929. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. Php 40 it is highly affordable than the other chemical insect repellent that can From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the Powered by natural essential oils, our premium formula is proven to kill and repel pests like mosquitoes and fleas. Following studies were excluded: studies exploring the repellency effect of chemical-based products, studies examining the repellency effect of animal extracts, animal studies (studies not on human subjects), articles without full texts, reviews, duplicate articles, abstracts, republished data, comments, conference papers, editorials, and studies with insufficient data. Nevertheless, Seyoum et al. Lemongrass does not have AA performed collecting of articles and writing the manuscript. Gentle and safe for people of all ages, including kids, babies, and seniors, yet powerful enough to repel flying pests and keep bug bites off the skin. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. effectiveness of lemon grass oil as a natural insect repellent. 2010;41:831. Its easy to apply just dot on exposed skin and blend in. A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. The results shown in the Table 2 is about the products safety.
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