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high-risk group a group of persons whose risk for a particular disease, injury, or other health condition is greater than that of the rest of their community or population. The fishing line is rated for 30 pounds. Good synonyms? The speed of administration of a solution in mL/hr. is directly proportional to Rate: An expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. attributable proportion see proportion, attributable. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births plus stillbirths. Most didn't develop a fever. hypothesis a supposition, arrived at from observation or reflection, that leads to refutable predictions; any conjecture cast in a form that will allow it to be tested and refuted. evaluation systematic and objective examination of activities to determine their relevance, effectiveness, and impact. APA: Classic Thesaurus. map, area (shaded, choropleth) a visual display of the geographic pattern of a health problem, in which a marker is placed on a map to indicate where each affected person lives, works, or might have been exposed. rate [ rt] the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. case-control study see study, case-control. suggest new. This term is often used to describe the prevalence of malaria in a local area, with 10 to 50% of children showing evidence of prior infection being considered a moderate level . Infectious Disease A disease caused by a microbe, and the microbes that cause infectious diseases are referred to as pathogens Infection -Synonym for infectious disease -Microbiologists reserve it to mean colonization of pathogen; may or may not go on to cause disease Infection vs. Infectious Disease The rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease. transmission, mechanical indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent does not undergo physiologic changes inside the vector (see also transmission, biologic). ; Quelle note lui donneriez-vous sur 10?. This value is usually expressed as deaths per 100,000 live births. mortality rate, neonatal the mortality rate for children from age birth up to, but not including, 28 days. an infecting with germs of disease, as through the medium of infected insects, air, water, or clothing. That is to say, EIS Epidemic Intelligence Service; CDCs 2-year training program in applied epidemiology for public health professionals (/eis). crude mortality rate see mortality rate, crude. These proportions are not mortality rates because, in proportionate mortality, the denominator is all deaths instead of the population among whom the deaths occurred. Despite the availability of vaccines, infection rates remain high due to immune evasive Omicron sublineages. Herd immunity is based on having a substantial number of immune persons, thereby reducing the likelihood that an infected person will come in contact with a susceptible one among human populations, also called community immunity. mortality rate, race/ethnic-specific a mortality rate limited to a specified racial or ethnic group both numerator and denominator are limited to that group. (pun intended). mortality rate a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death among a defined population during a specified time interval. Of the multiple ways to define central tendency, the most common are the mean, median, and mode. It is used as a test of airway obstruction. The infection rate in reactivated disease is approximately 15%-20%. Typically, for a case to be confirmed, a person must have a positive result from laboratory tests. infection rates. Rates Of Infection synonyms - 8 Words and Phrases for Rates Of Infection. age-specific mortality rate see mortality rate, age-specific. notifiable disease a disease that, by law, must be reported to public health authorities upon diagnosis. surveillance, sentinel a surveillance system that uses a prearranged sample of sources (e.g., physicians, hospitals, or clinics) who have agreed to report all cases of one or more notifiable diseases. The term was first used by Edward Tufte in his book, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983). What is the rate of alcoholism in the USA compared to other countries in the world. Manages autoclave and cleaning instruments for Dermatology. It increases, for example, in hyperthyroidism. table an arrangement of data in rows and columns. portal of exit a pathway by which an agent can leave its host. trial, clinical an experimental study that uses data from individual persons. I am not an alcoholic and I use to drink only on weekends. immunity, active resistance developed in response to an antigen (i.e., an infecting agent or vaccine), usually characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. study, experimental a study in which the investigator specifies the type of exposure for each person (clinical trial) or community (community trial) then follows the persons or communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. Synonyms for INFECTED: poisoned, septic, tainted, polluted, invaded, contaminated, spoilt, affected, afflicted, defiled, soiled, corrupted; Antonyms for INFECTED . bias, information systematic difference in the collection of data regarding the participants in a study (e.g., about exposures in a case-control study, or about health outcomes in a cohort study) that leads to an incorrect result (e.g., risk ratio or odds ratio) or inference. variable any characteristic or attribute that can be measured and can have different values. The comparison group provides an estimate of the background or expected incidence of disease (in a cohort study) or exposure (in a case-control study). denominator the lower portion of a fraction; used in calculating a ratio, proportion, or rate. P value the probability of observing an association between two variables or a difference between two or more groups as large or larger than that observed, if the null hypothesis were true. Often referred to as a skewed distribution; the mean, median, and mode of an asymmetrical distribution are not the same. Using the term to describe the person rather than the health condition is discouraged (see also case-patient). Usually, the cases are presumed to have a common cause or to be related to one another in some way. The frequency with which a gene will be inherited or expressed by identical or fraternal twins. an abnormal state caused by contact with harmful organisms (such as bacteria or viruses), Post more words for infection to Facebook, Share more words for infection on Twitter. 2. . confounding the distortion of the association between an exposure and a health outcome by a third variable that is related to both. efficiency the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results with a minimum expenditure of time and resources. life expectancy a statistical projection of the average number of years a person of a given age is expected to live, if current mortality rates continue to apply. attack rate a form of incidence that measures the proportion of persons in a population who experience an acute health event during a limited period (e.g., during an outbreak), calculated as the number of new cases of a health problem during an outbreak divided by the size of the population at the beginning of the period, usually expressed as a percentage or per 1,000 or 100,000 population (see also incidence proportion). attack rate, secondary a measure of the frequency of new cases of a disease among the contacts of known patients. bias a systematic deviation of results or inferences from the truth or processes leading to such systematic deviation; any systematic tendency in the collection, analysis, interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead to conclusions that are systematically different from the truth. Securing a medical care provision system. But some types of genital HPV can cause cancer of the . chartjunk unnecessary or confusing visual elements in charts, illustrations, or graphs. In statistics, the frequency and pattern of the values or categories of a variable. variable, independent an exposure, risk factor, or other characteristic being observed or measured that is hypothesized to influence an event or manifestation (the dependent variable). For example, the 5th percentile is a cut point with 5% of the observations below it and the remaining 95% above it. transmission (of infection) any mode or mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread to a susceptible host. sentinel surveillance see surveillance, sentinel. Mesoendemic An endemic disease with a moderate rate of infection. bank accounts paying above the average rate of interest. Determine mathematic problems. cause, component a factor that contributes to a sufficient cause (see also cause, sufficient). 2023. ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. The percentage of individuals afflicted with an illness who die as a result of it. This supplement is also designed to provide bladder control support to individuals tired of visiting the bathroom ten times a day. measure of spread a measure of the distribution of observations out from its central value. syndromic surveillance see surveillance, syndromic. mean (or average) commonly called the average; it is the most common measure of central tendency. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. scale, ordinal a measurement scale consisting of qualitative categories whose values have a distinct order but no numerical distance between their possible values (e.g., stage of cancer, I, II, III, or IV). Seizure. alternative hypothesis see hypothesis, alternative. The null hypothesis is used in conjunction with statistical testing. This type of graph is useful for identifying medians and quartiles and other percentiles. A carrier can be asymptomatic (never indicate signs of the disease) or can display signs of the disease only during the incubation period, convalescence, or postconvalescence. trend movement or change in frequency over time, usually upwards or downwards. endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. The speed at which the cells settle depends on how many red blood cells clump together. antibody any of a variety of proteins in the blood that are produced in response to an antigen as an immune response. incidence a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occurs among a population during a specified period. For a rate, the denominator is usually the midinterval population. {\displaystyle \lambda } Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, infantile, generalized GM1 gangliosidosis, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. Epitomizing this problem is the Staphylococcus . phrases. relative risk a general term for measures of association calculated from the data in a two-by-two table, including risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio (see also risk ratio). Etiology Toxoplasmosis Caused by the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite Horizontal transmission: Exposure to contaminated cat feces Eating infected raw meat Vertical transmission: Retinal Degeneration. surveillance, passive public health surveillance in which data are sent to the health agency without prompting. rates of hiv aids. can be calculated for an infectious disease in an endemic state if homogeneous mixing of the population and a rectangular population distribution (such as that generally found in developed countries), rather than a pyramid, is assumed. Emma Thorne Drugs used to target HER2-positive invasive breast cancer may also be successful in treating women in the first stages of the disease, researchers at The University of See respiratory tract infection . median the measure of central location that divides a set of data into two equal parts, above and below which lie an equal number of values (see also measure of central location). incidence of disease. bias, selection systematic difference in the enrollment of participants in a study that leads to an incorrect result (e.g., risk ratio or odds ratio) or inference. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/infection+rate. outbreak the occurrence of more cases of disease, injury, or other health condition than expected in a given area or among a specific group of persons during a specific period. Quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons; isolation refers to separation of ill persons. Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary. The rate of occurrence of negative test results in those who have the attribute or disease for which they are being tested. clinical disease a disease that has been manifested by its symptoms and features. Isolation refers to separation of ill persons; quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons. range in statistics, the difference between the largest and smallest values in a distribution; in common use, the span of values from smallest to largest. Some types of HPV infection cause warts, and some can cause different types of cancer. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition, Deputy Director for Public Health Science and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. person-time the amount of time each participant in a cohort study is observed and disease-free, often summed to provide the denominator for a person-time rate. Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. These infections are usually acquired after hospitalization and manifest 48 hours after admission t Hospital Acquired Infections Book confidence interval a range of values for a measure (e.g., rate or odds ratio) constructed so that the range has a specified probability (often, but not necessarily, 95%) of including the true value of the measure. Synonyms of infection infection noun Definition of infection as in virus an abnormal state caused by contact with harmful organisms (such as bacteria or viruses) There is a viral infection spreading among the schoolchildren. rate of infection synonym Black&Red Black&Gold Black&Bluish purple Black&Purple Black&Black 10 Infection rate Synonyms. case, index the first case or instance of a patient coming to the attention of health authorities. contact, direct exposure or transmission of an agent from a source to a susceptible host through touching (e.g., from a human host by kissing, sexual intercourse, or skin-to-skin contact) or from touching an infected animal or contaminated soil or vegetation. EMAILS SHOW THE MEATPACKING INDUSTRY DRAFTED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER TO KEEP PLANTS OPEN, TRAINED IMMUNITY OFFERS HOPE IN FIGHT AGAINST CORONAVIRUS, WEARING A MASK COULD PROTECT YOU FROM COVID-19 IN MORE WAYS THAN YOU THINK, EUROPE OVERTAKES U.S. AS COVID-19 HOTSPOT AS INFECTIONS SURGE, TIMES OF STRIFE CAN LEAD TO MEDICAL INNOVATIONWHEN GOVERNMENTS ARE WILLING, THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIAS COVID SURGE CONTINUES, WITH 1,400 CASES REPORTED THIS WEEK. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/infection+rate, [Middle English, from Old French, from Medieval Latin, [C15: from Old French, from Medieval Latin, to estimate or be estimated, with regard to worth, merit, value. measure of dispersion see measure of spread. skewed a distribution that is not symmetrical. droplet nuclei the residue of dried droplets of infectious agents that is easily inhaled and exhaled and can remain suspended in air for relatively long periods or be blown over great distances. A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. rates of infection. .css-1w804bk{font-size:16px;}See how your sentence looks with different synonyms. It is updated regularly. a performance that didn't rate very high. transmission, airborne transfer of an agent suspended in the air, considered a type of indirect transmission. ) is therefore control in a case-control study, a member of the group of persons without the health problem under study (see also comparison group and study, case-control). hypothesis, null the supposition that two (or more) groups do not differ in the measure of interest (e.g., incidence or proportion exposed); the supposition that an exposure is not associated with the health condition under study, so that the risk ratio or odds ratio equals 1.