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Many insect pests and diseases affect the species and are a nuisance for commercial production. On many islands, coconut is a staple in the diet. From fermented today alcohol is prepared. All rights reserved. It is predominantly used in the bakery and confectionary industries (especially in non-coconut-producing countries) because of its longer shelf life compared to freshly grated coconut. [147][148], Coconut vinegar, made from fermented coconut water or sap, is used extensively in Southeast Asian cuisine (notably the Philippines, where it is known as sukang tuba), as well as in some cuisines of India and Sri Lanka, especially Goan cuisine. [151][152], Coconut butter is often used to describe solidified coconut oil, but has also been adopted as an alternate name for creamed coconut, a specialty product made of coconut milk solids or pured coconut meat and oil.[117]. Furthermore, the exports of coconut products serve as the nation's prime foreign exchange earner. Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. [66] However, it can also be argued that the placement of the vulnerable eye of the nut (down when floating), and the site of the coir cushion are better positioned to ensure that the water-filled nut does not fracture when dropping on rocky ground, rather than for flotation. in semiotics from Brown University and completed coursework for an M.A. (1992). June 14, 2022; ushl assistant coach salary . Coconut oil is a "functional food" that is popular in traditional medicine in Asia and used worldwide to treat a wide variety of health problems from abscesses to upset stomachs. [18][19][20] For the ProRodeo Hall of Fame bucking horse, see, Geographical distributions of Indo-Atlantic and Pacific coconut subpopulations and their genetic composition (Gunn, Inferred historical introduction of coconuts from the original centers of diversity in the, "Grated coconut" redirects here. [10], True-to-type dwarf varieties of Pacific coconuts have been cultivated by the Austronesian peoples since ancient times. In 2020, world production of coconuts was 62 million tonnes, led by Indonesia, India, and the Philippines, with 75% combined of the total (table). The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. Coconut oil is moisturizing and has been used for centuries as a hair tonic and skin care product. [90], A system of bamboo bridges and ladders directly connecting the tree canopies are also utilized in the Philippines for coconut plantations that harvest coconut sap (not fruits) for coconut vinegar and palm wine production. In Kerala, India, the main coconut pests are the coconut mite, the rhinoceros beetle, the red palm weevil, and the coconut leaf caterpillar. The meat of green coconuts is still developing, so they contain mostly water (2). HE Moore Jr, NW Uhl. [150] Its chronic consumption may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases by raising total blood cholesterol levels through elevated blood levels of LDL cholesterol and lauric acid. Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. Palm. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. A 100-gram (3+12-ounce) reference serving of raw coconut flesh supplies 1,480 kilojoules (354 kilocalories) of food energy and a high amount of total fat (33 grams), especially saturated fat (89% of total fat), along with a moderate quantity of carbohydrates (15g), and protein (3g). Coconut requires low to no inputs within an existing land use area unchanged in 100 years. [134], Newly germinated coconuts contain a spherical edible mass known as the sprouted coconut or coconut sprout. It is produced as the endosperm nourishes the developing embryo. This article was most recently revised and updated by. Additionally, a genetically distinct subpopulation of coconut on the Pacific coast of Latin America has undergone a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect; however, its ancestral population is the Pacific coconut from the Philippines. It allows toxins to be thrown out of stomach. Coconut palms are cultivated north of south Florida to roughly Cocoa Beach on the East Coast and Clearwater on the West Coast. Palm wine is distilled to produce arrack. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of the medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil could also help reduce acne. Economic Importance of Coconut Oil | Bizfluent As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. [7] A frayed piece of root can also be used as a toothbrush. Mature coconuts, ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 300450 mm (1218 inches) in length and 150200 mm (68 inches) in diameter, have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the familiar single-seeded nut of commerce. However, Cocos is not thought to be indigenous to South America, and the highest genetic diversity is present in Asian Cocos, indicating that at least the modern species Cocos nucifera is native to there. in history at New Mexico State University. Despite the economic importance of the palm, coconut production continued to show stagnancy in production, productivity, and trade in the recent decade (Sairam and Jayasekhar 2018). Coconut meat can also be cut into larger pieces or strips, dried, and salted to make "coconut chips" or "coco chips". See also Can I Rub Coconut Oil On My Gums? AGRI INFO - My Agriculture Information Bank, Importance, Composition and Uses of Coconut. The Hindu goddess of well-being and wealth, Lakshmi, is often shown holding a coconut. Trees grow up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall and can yield up to 75 fruits per year, though fewer than 30 is more typical. Updates? Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. Female flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, pistillate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and hypogynous. A coco chocolatero was a cup used to serve small quantities of beverages (such as chocolate drinks) between the 17th and 19th centuries in countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, and Venezuela. The coconut tree is the official state tree of Kerala, India. The world coir production is 0.282 million tones. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. Because of their soft textures, they are unsuitable for grating. 3. The coconut palm The coir is used to make brooms in Cambodia.[158]. Mature Malakatad coconut meat has a tough texture and thus are processed before consumption or made into copra. The conditions required for coconut trees to grow without any care are: The main limiting factor for most locations which satisfy the rainfall and temperature requirements is canopy growth, except those locations near coastlines, where the sandy soil and salt spray limit the growth of most other trees. One of their first uses of the coconut was to produce cooking oil. Fishermen give an offering of coconut to the sea to celebrate the beginning of a new fishing season. . [49][18][61], The niu kafa form is the wild ancestral type, with thick husks to protect the seed, an angular, highly ridged shape to promote buoyancy during ocean dispersal, and a pointed base that allowed fruits to dig into the sand, preventing them from being washed away during germination on a new island. 37(9):830-5, 2004. [28] In west-central India, numerous fossils of Cocos-like fruits, leaves, and stems have been recovered from the Deccan Traps. [103] Other states, such as Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal, and those in the northeast (Tripura and Assam) account for the remaining productions. Coconut production in the Philippines - Wikipedia [184], In March 1521, a description of the coconut was given by Antonio Pigafetta writing in Italian and using the words "cocho"/"cochi", as recorded in his journal after the first European crossing of the Pacific Ocean during the Magellan circumnavigation and meeting the inhabitants of what would become known as Guam and the Philippines. Neera is a delicious natural non-alcoholic beverage, extracted from the spathe or the immature flower spike of coconut trees. The leaves also provide material for baskets that can draw well water and for roofing thatch; they can be woven into mats, cooking skewers, and kindling arrows as well. The leaves are used for thatching houses, or for decorating climbing frames and meeting rooms in Cambodia, where the plant is known as d:ng.[158]. Coconut withstands conditions considered marginal for many food crops and is a stabilizing factor in the farming systems of fragile environments. The coconut populations in the island show genetic admixture between the two subpopulations indicating that Pacific coconuts were brought by the Austronesian settlers that later interbred with the local Indo-Atlantic coconuts. [78] Manually climbing trees is traditional in most countries and requires a specific posture that exerts pressure on the trunk with the feet. [59], Coconuts today can be grouped into two highly genetically distinct subpopulations: the Indo-Atlantic group originating from southern India and nearby regions (including Sri Lanka, the Laccadives, and the Maldives); and the Pacific group originating from the region between maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Source of Raw Material for the Agro-Based Industries In the agro-based industry, fruit growing offers the raw materials for canning and preserving products, among other things fresh fruits. [183] Another early mention of the coconut dates back to the "One Thousand and One Nights" story of Sinbad the Sailor wherein he bought and sold a coconut during his fifth voyage. This variety of oilseeds made up over 10 percent of the sector that year. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. The dried calyx is used as fuel in wood-fired stoves. What are the benefits of coconut products? Want this question answered? The stiff midribs of coconut leaves are used for making brooms in India, Indonesia (sapu lidi), Malaysia, the Maldives, and the Philippines (walis tingting). [40], Carl Linnaeus first wanted to name the coconut genus Coccus from latinizing the Portuguese word coco, because he saw works of other botanists in middle of the 17th century use the name as well. Economic welfare can be evaluated through consumer surplus and producer surplus. The production of coconuts plays an important role in the economy, with 25% of cultivated land (around 3.56 million hectares) used for coconut plantations and approximately 25 to 33% of the population reliant on coconuts for their livelihood. The Pacific group is the only one to display clear genetic and phenotypic indications that they were domesticated; including dwarf habit, self-pollination, and the round "niu vai" fruit morphology with larger endosperm-to-husk ratios. The tradition began in the 1910s, and has continued since. [61][63] The tall variety is outcrossing while dwarf palms are self-pollinating, which has led to a much greater degree of genetic diversity within the tall group. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." Miami gets a boost by hosting Greenwich Economic Forum | Miami Herald The oil cakeis used to feed cattle.and poultry. [58] They may grow but not fruit properly in areas with insufficient warmth, such as Bermuda. The UAE has, however, imposed strict laws on mature coconut tree imports from other countries to reduce the spread of pests to other native palm trees, as the mixing of date and coconut trees poses a risk of cross-species palm pests, such as rhinoceros beetles and red palm weevils. Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. The terms are derived from the Samoan language and was adopted into scientific usage by Harries (1978). During germination, the embryo pushes out of the functional pore and forms a haustorium (the coconut sprout) inside the central cavity. [27][28] Endt & Hayward (1997) have noted their resemblance to members of the South American genus Parajubaea, rather than Cocos, and propose a South American origin. While comparable to sports drinks, which can be loaded with added sugars and flavorings, coconut water is low in calories and carbs. ", "The Alcohol Industry of the Philippine Islands Part II: Distilled Liquors; their Consumption and Manufacture", "Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory from the American Heart Association", "The effect of coconut oil consumption on cardiovascular risk factors (Systematic review)", "Coconut oil consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in humans", "Hans van Amsterdam: Coconut Cup with Cover (17.190.622ab) Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art", "Remembering PT-109: A carved walking stick evokes ship commander John F. Kennedy's dramatic rescue at sea", "MO63.4852 Coconut shell paperweight with PT109 rescue message", "The chemical composition and biological properties of coconut (, "Data sheet about delta-decalactone and its properties", "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus", "Aussie scientists find coconut-carrying octopus", "A tool-wielding octopus? Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. The natural planting, harvesting, and processing of coconuts along with its tropical climate makes for perfect growth conditions of this tropical delicacy. Ans : Ripening is characterised by an increase in the breakdown of starch within the fruit, as well as an increase in the number of simple sugars that are sweet in taste such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose as a result of this breakdown. Coconut water can be drunk fresh or used in cooking as in binakol. They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Coconut assumes considerable significance in the national economy of coconut-growing countries in view of rural employment and income generation. Cocos-like fossils of fruits include "Cocos" intertrappeansis, "Cocos" pantii, and "Cocos" sahnii. Adsule, and S.S. Kadam. The green of the leaves (lamina) is stripped away, leaving the veins (long, thin, woodlike strips) which are tied together to form a broom or brush. ~The effect will be much stronger when consumed by adding ~When mask made with milk inside coconut, color tone of skin will be opened. Coconuts were first domesticated by the Austronesian peoples in Island Southeast Asia and were spread during the Neolithic via their seaborne migrations as far east as the Pacific Islands, and as far west as Madagascar and the Comoros. In the west coast of India, the palm is an essential component in the homestead system of farming. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. [45], Modern genetic studies have identified the center of origin of coconuts as being the Central Indo-Pacific, the region between western Southeast Asia and Melanesia, where it shows greatest genetic diversity. Coconut production plays an important role in the national economy of the Philippines. in history at New Mexico State University. Use aloe vera to keep skin strong and healthy. [175], The coconut is also used as a target and prize in the traditional British fairground game coconut shy. [185], This article is about the plant. Is eating coconut good for your skin? It is a haustorium, a spongy absorbent tissue formed from the distal portion of embryo during coconut germination, facilitates absorption of nutrients for the growing shoot and root.[142]. The biggest barrier to establishing an investment climate for coconut and an economic alternative to oil palm land area expansion is the critical lack of quality planting materials and coconut investment model. Based on linguistic evidence, the absence of words for coconut in the Taiwanese Austronesian languages makes it likely that the Austronesian coconut culture developed only after Austronesians started colonizing the Philippines. "The truth behind the "widespread" practice of monkeys harvesting coconuts in Thailand impacting on consumers & retailers", "Focus: Thai coconut farmers reject monkey abuse charges, suffer lost income", "Reviving the Coconut Industry of the Philippines", "Coconut faces a looming global supply shortage, but could an Australian industry crack it? Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. [49], In contrast to the Pacific coconuts, Indo-Atlantic coconuts were largely spread by Arab and Persian traders into the East African coast. According to the Just Change Trust in India, over 500 million coconut palms are cultivated in tropical regions, where coconuts are the prime source of fats and protein for more than 400 million people. The terminology is derived from the Tagalog language. The sap derived from incising the flower clusters of the coconut is drunk as toddy, also known as tub in the Philippines (both fermented and fresh), tuak (Indonesia and Malaysia), karewe (fresh and not fermented, collected twice a day, for breakfast and dinner) in Kiribati, and neera in South Asia. Omani people needed the coir rope from the coconut fiber to stitch together their traditional seagoing dhow vessels in which nails were never used. Lagos and the coconut connection - The Guardian Nigeria News She earned her B.A. It has a crunchy watery texture and a slightly sweet taste. Androecium Absent but staminodes are present. Coir Developments Much of coir production is done by small holders meaning production is scattered and at small volumes. [114] CAPB may cause mild skin irritation,[114] but allergic reactions to CAPB are rare[115] and probably related to impurities rendered during the manufacturing process (which include amidoamine and dimethylaminopropylamine) rather than CAPB itself. [138] Coconut oil extracted from coconut milk or copra is also used for frying, cooking, and making margarine, among other uses.[134][139]. Nevin KG. The coconut industry in Guyana - NAREI The importance of the coconut in Austronesian cultures is evidenced by shared terminology of even very specific parts and uses of coconuts, which were carried outwards from the Philippines during the Austronesian migrations. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. [49][4][48][60], The coconut played a critical role in the migrations of the Austronesian peoples. As an abrasive,[156] a dried half coconut shell with husk can be used to buff floors. Because the nuts can fall from a height of 30 yards, in Southern Asia and Australia, monkeys (e.g., Malaya macaques) are trained to harvest them. [32], Further complicating measures to determine the evolutionary history of Cocos is the genetic diversity present within C. nucifera as well as its relatedness to other palms. The coconut's obscure origin in foreign lands led to the notion of using cups made from the shell to neutralise poisoned drinks. Apart from its economic importance, the environmental and . These provide substantial circumstantial evidence that deliberate Austronesian voyagers were involved in carrying coconuts across the Pacific Ocean and that they could not have dispersed worldwide without human agency. Overall, unsweetened coconut meat makes a great addition to a balanced diet. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". A hard shell encloses the embryo with its abundant endosperm, composed of both meat and liquid. The coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the Western Pacific Austronesian cultures where it features in their mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. Thailand has been raising and training pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around 400years. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The ancient coconut groves of Dhofar were mentioned by the medieval Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta in his writings, known as Al Rihla. [181], Literary evidence from the Ramayana and Sri Lankan chronicles indicates that the coconut was present in the Indian subcontinent before the 1st centuryBCE. They provided a portable source of both food and water, allowing Austronesians to survive long sea voyages to colonize new islands as well as establish long-range trade routes. It kills bacteria in the mouth and reduces bad breath. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. Dried copra gives 60 to 67% oil and 33-40% oil cake. Frison, E.A. Virgin coconut oil is predicted to experience high demand from consumers with higher health consciousness and as well as aging population. A long handle made from some other wood may be inserted into the base of the bundle and used as a two-handed broom. Scientific studies have found it effective for treating enlarged prostate and improving serum cholesterol. Samosir (eds.) Coconut fruit in the wild are light, buoyant, and highly water resistant. Sri Lanka established its Coconut Development Authority and Coconut Cultivation Board and Coconut Research Institute in the early British Ceylon period.[109]. Neera is fast becoming a popular drink. Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also introduced into the Atlantic Ocean by Portuguese ships from their colonies in coastal India and Sri Lanka; first being introduced to coastal West Africa, then onwards into the Caribbean and the east coast of Brazil. For example, the Polynesian and Melanesian term niu; Tagalog and Chamorro term niyog; and the Malay word nyiur or nyior. 2,0004,000 adventitious roots may grow, each about 1cm (12in) large. [109] The production of coconuts is the main source of Sri Lanka economy, with 12% of cultivated land and 409,244 hectares used for coconut growing (2017). The Coconut tree belongs to the palm family. This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 13:03. Coconut meal: Nutraceutical importance and food industry application The coconut industry is an important pillar of Philippine agriculture. And no coconut can float over the sea faster than a balsa raft moves with the wind behind it. Coconut The coconut has uses in jewelries, Happy Business India is leading exporters and suppliers of coconut from India to the global market with best quality which meets international standards. India: economic contribution of coconut | Statista In foods, coconut is used in various preparations. Some dried coconut is purely coconut, but others are manufactured with other ingredients, such as sugar, propylene glycol, salt, and sodium metabisulfite. [182] The earliest direct description is given by Cosmas Indicopleustes in his Topographia Christiana written around 545, referred to as "the great nut of India". Copyright 2023 Cocoanesia. It enables toxins to be removed easily from harmful substances. IMPORTANCE OF COCONUT Coconut is the environment friendly small-holder palm of the tropical environment Covering 12.28 million hectares in 90 countries with an annual production of 64.3 billion nuts Coconut provides USD$ 7.73 Billion per annum to global coconut small holders